add_action( 'init', 'dcms_add_shortcode_date' );

function dcms_add_shortcode_date(){
add_shortcode('current_date', 'dcms_create_current_date');
}

function dcms_create_current_date( $atts, $content ){
$atts = shortcode_atts(
['format' => get_option('date_format')],
$atts, 'current_date');
$str = date_i18n($atts['format']);
return $str;
}